What If The Gainful Employment Rule Were Applied to All Law Schools?

[UPDATE 2015-07-17: Because this post received so much traffic since I first ran it, I’ve updated the Gainful Employment Rule table to only show the total incomes law schools’ graduates would need to earn for their schools to pass (or not pass) under the rule. It occurred to me that even if the discretionary income result is lower than the total income number, the results the formulas produce are still equivalent. This means I can show you like-by-like comparisons, which are more informative. I’m not editing the rest of the text, so consider this update mutatis mutandis.]

The first draft of my latest article on The American Lawyer about the gainful employment rule asked that question, but I realized that reporting on the for-profits alone was more important. The broader question is much more appropriate for a blog post, and since another federal court upheld the rule, it appears it’ll stick around. So, here you go.

To recap, the Department of Education’s gainful employment rule applies two debt-to-earnings tests to a college’s debtors: one based on their total annual incomes and the other their annual discretionary incomes. The tests create three results: passing, falling “in the zone,” or failing. Passing either test gives the school an overall passing grade for that year, not passing either test but not failing puts them “in the zone,” but failing is failing. Sorry if there’s some equivocation among these terms; I blame the rule.

Failing in a given year won’t kill a school’s access to federal loans, but certainly four years of failing or being in the zone will do the trick.

So:

• Passing either debt-to-earnings test means debt payments are less than or equal to
  • 8 percent of total annual income, or
  • 20 percent of annual discretionary income.
• The “zone” means debt payments are greater than
  • 8 percent of total annual income but less than or equal to 12 percent of annual income, or
  • 20 percent of annual discretionary income but less than or equal to 30 percent of discretionary income.
• Failing occurs when debt payments are greater than
  • 12 percent of total annual income, or
  • 30 percent of annual discretionary income.

Got it? Good. If not, reread the article. I hate explaining this rule.

Rather than giving the numbers for both tests, I’m going to display the class of 2014’s mean debt (weighted with non-debtors (because I’m fair)), the minimum income (discretionary or total) needed to pass either test or at least stay in the zone, and the unemployment rate (“seeking” and “not seeking” employment, but excluding “deferred start dates”). The numbers will differ slightly from what I published in the article last week.

As for which test you’re seeing, since it’s somewhat important, the annual income test is the lesser test until about $43,000. After that, you are seeing the minimum discretionary income graduates need to be earning for the school to pass the test. That means they need to be earning even more money than what’s stated.

CLASS OF 2014 GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT INCOME RULE REQUIREMENTS
SCHOOL	WTD AVG DEBT	MIN PASS	MIN ZONE	TOT UNEMP
Howard	$23,060	$20,178	$13,452	12.4%
Brigham Young	$39,026	$34,148	$22,765	7.2%
Hawaii	$39,949	$34,955	$23,304	15.5%
Alabama	$45,830	$40,102	$26,734	3.5%
Lewis and Clark	$47,014	$41,137	$27,425	15.4%
Arkansas (Fayetteville)	$48,927	$42,811	$28,540	7.0%
Nebraska	$49,758	$43,538	$29,026	6.0%
North Carolina Central	$49,932	$43,691	$29,127	14.1%
District of Columbia	$51,954	$45,460	$30,307	25.2%
Tennessee	$52,961	$46,341	$30,894	14.6%
Wyoming	$52,999	$46,374	$30,916	23.9%
North Dakota	$55,743	$48,776	$32,517	13.2%
Connecticut	$56,813	$49,711	$33,141	9.1%
Arkansas (Little Rock)	$58,407	$51,106	$34,071	12.8%
Missouri (Columbia)	$58,541	$51,224	$34,149	8.9%
Georgia State	$58,650	$51,319	$34,213	5.6%
Mississippi	$59,132	$51,741	$34,494	12.3%
Kentucky	$60,629	$53,051	$35,367	5.6%
Wisconsin	$61,117	$53,478	$35,652	7.6%
Kansas	$61,410	$53,734	$35,822	8.4%
SUNY Buffalo	$61,568	$53,872	$35,915	9.9%
New Mexico	$61,795	$54,071	$36,047	3.6%
Liberty	$63,917	$55,927	$37,285	25.0%
Georgia	$63,954	$55,960	$37,307	13.6%
Texas Tech	$64,047	$56,041	$37,361	18.8%
Northern Illinois	$64,061	$56,053	$37,369	9.1%
Montana	$64,094	$56,083	$37,388	11.3%
City University	$64,284	$56,248	$37,499	20.7%
Oklahoma	$64,613	$56,537	$37,691	7.7%
Florida	$65,104	$56,966	$37,977	9.4%
Memphis	$66,326	$58,035	$38,690	18.3%
Akron	$66,681	$58,346	$38,897	8.7%
Cincinnati	$66,697	$58,360	$38,906	10.4%
South Carolina	$66,826	$58,473	$38,982	7.4%
Northern Kentucky	$67,221	$58,818	$39,212	9.6%
Arizona State	$67,227	$58,824	$39,216	1.5%
Florida State	$68,319	$59,779	$39,853	6.0%
Wayne State	$68,698	$60,110	$40,074	11.2%
Michigan State	$69,711	$60,997	$40,665	1.2%
Houston	$70,931	$62,065	$41,377	7.4%
South Dakota	$71,067	$62,183	$41,456	6.2%
Boston University	$71,181	$62,283	$41,522	6.5%
California-Davis	$71,993	$62,994	$41,996	10.1%
Temple	$72,019	$63,017	$42,011	9.1%
Washburn	$72,555	$63,485	$42,323	8.9%
Indiana (Bloomington)	$72,726	$63,635	$42,423	6.8%
Southern University	$73,214	$64,062	$42,708	23.0%
Louisiana State	$73,366	$64,195	$42,797	3.1%
Texas A&M [Wesleyan]	$73,485	$64,299	$42,866	18.5%
West Virginia	$73,712	$64,498	$42,999	8.5%
Utah	$74,002	$64,751	$43,168	8.1%
Duquesne	$74,172	$64,901	$43,267	13.5%
Arizona	$74,516	$65,201	$43,468	4.9%
Texas	$74,642	$65,312	$43,541	6.8%
Boston College	$74,695	$65,358	$43,572	6.6%
North Carolina	$74,905	$65,542	$43,694	11.9%
Maryland	$75,615	$66,163	$44,109	8.8%
Illinois	$76,374	$66,827	$44,552	5.9%
Campbell	$76,555	$66,986	$44,657	13.6%
Iowa	$76,670	$67,086	$44,724	2.3%
Washington University	$76,828	$67,225	$44,816	1.2%
Drexel	$77,209	$67,558	$45,038	11.3%
William and Mary	$77,805	$68,079	$45,386	8.4%
Indiana (Indianapolis)	$78,287	$68,501	$45,668	7.9%
Florida International	$79,037	$69,158	$46,105	6.5%
Villanova	$79,097	$69,209	$46,140	9.5%
Nevada	$79,742	$69,775	$46,516	10.1%
Ohio State	$80,527	$70,462	$46,974	1.4%
Pittsburgh	$80,700	$70,612	$47,075	12.7%
Cleveland State	$80,891	$70,780	$47,186	13.9%
Rutgers-Newark	$81,451	$71,270	$47,513	8.4%
Idaho	$81,604	$71,404	$47,602	8.1%
Louisville	$82,077	$71,818	$47,879	7.1%
Baylor	$82,833	$72,479	$48,319	11.8%
California-Irvine	$83,342	$72,924	$48,616	10.8%
Tulsa	$83,416	$72,989	$48,659	5.1%
Washington	$83,732	$73,266	$48,844	14.0%
Maine	$84,452	$73,895	$49,263	14.7%
Minnesota	$84,834	$74,230	$49,486	6.9%
Cardozo, Yeshiva	$85,151	$74,507	$49,671	15.3%
Toledo	$87,232	$76,328	$50,885	17.9%
St. Thomas (MN)	$87,349	$76,430	$50,954	8.4%
Washington and Lee	$87,538	$76,595	$51,064	12.6%
Richmond	$88,304	$77,266	$51,511	7.4%
Detroit Mercy	$88,604	$77,529	$51,686	16.9%
St. John’s	$89,567	$78,371	$52,248	8.9%
Yale	$90,162	$78,891	$52,594	3.9%
Brooklyn	$90,813	$79,461	$52,974	9.9%
Notre Dame	$91,274	$79,865	$53,243	3.9%
Oregon	$92,133	$80,616	$53,744	14.1%
Chicago-Kent, IIT	$92,311	$80,772	$53,848	8.9%
Vanderbilt	$92,969	$81,347	$54,232	2.6%
California-Los Angeles	$93,221	$81,568	$54,379	6.3%
Emory	$93,473	$81,789	$54,526	2.6%
Massachusetts — Dartmouth	$93,819	$82,092	$54,728	16.0%
Fordham	$94,187	$82,413	$54,942	9.8%
Baltimore	$95,222	$83,319	$55,546	11.5%
Wake Forest	$95,703	$83,741	$55,827	7.0%
St. Mary’s	$95,761	$83,791	$55,861	17.9%
Southern Methodist	$95,955	$83,961	$55,974	6.7%
Seton Hall	$96,075	$84,066	$56,044	6.3%
Case Western Reserve	$96,159	$84,139	$56,092	9.5%
Pennsylvania	$96,201	$84,176	$56,118	0.4%
South Texas	$96,686	$84,600	$56,400	9.2%
Dayton	$97,598	$85,398	$56,932	11.4%
Colorado	$97,675	$85,466	$56,977	4.2%
Quinnipiac	$99,563	$87,118	$58,079	14.2%
Stanford	$99,947	$87,454	$58,302	2.7%
Duke	$100,325	$87,784	$58,523	2.8%
Samford	$100,526	$87,960	$58,640	13.2%
Oklahoma City	$100,825	$88,222	$58,815	5.6%
Mississippi College	$101,946	$89,203	$59,469	21.1%
Syracuse	$102,107	$89,343	$59,562	11.4%
Drake	$102,326	$89,535	$59,690	9.2%
Suffolk	$102,844	$89,989	$59,992	14.4%
Southern California	$102,872	$90,013	$60,009	5.1%
William Mitchell	$102,986	$90,113	$60,075	7.3%
Virginia	$103,102	$90,214	$60,143	2.3%
Ohio Northern	$104,531	$91,465	$60,976	18.1%
Loyola (LA)	$104,924	$91,808	$61,206	19.3%
Pace	$105,075	$91,940	$61,294	14.3%
San Diego	$105,351	$92,182	$61,455	18.3%
Harvard	$105,951	$92,707	$61,805	2.4%
Michigan	$105,978	$92,731	$61,821	2.6%
Mercer	$106,506	$93,193	$62,128	13.3%
Capital	$106,628	$93,299	$62,200	31.3%
Tulane	$107,133	$93,742	$62,494	9.7%
Hamline	$107,514	$94,075	$62,717	8.7%
George Mason	$107,715	$94,250	$62,833	2.7%
Gonzaga	$107,940	$94,448	$62,965	16.0%
Chicago	$108,521	$94,956	$63,304	1.9%
Penn State (Dickinson)	$108,981	$95,358	$63,572	14.8%
New Hampshire	$109,322	$95,657	$63,771	10.3%
New York University	$109,331	$95,664	$63,776	1.3%
Western State	$109,519	$95,829	$63,886	11.6%
DePaul	$109,529	$95,838	$63,892	18.9%
George Washington	$110,250	$96,469	$64,312	5.3%
Roger Williams	$110,547	$96,729	$64,486	17.9%
Pepperdine	$110,599	$96,774	$64,516	18.2%
Albany	$110,656	$96,824	$64,550	14.2%
St. Louis	$110,737	$96,895	$64,597	10.1%
Miami	$110,761	$96,916	$64,610	7.7%
California-Berkeley	$111,966	$97,970	$65,313	2.4%
Cornell	$112,050	$98,044	$65,363	1.0%
Loyola (IL)	$113,373	$99,201	$66,134	8.0%
Santa Clara	$113,702	$99,489	$66,326	33.0%
Elon	$113,902	$99,664	$66,443	27.9%
Denver	$114,912	$100,548	$67,032	8.3%
Hofstra	$114,917	$100,552	$67,035	7.9%
Ave Maria	$115,045	$100,665	$67,110	33.6%
California-Hastings	$116,260	$101,728	$67,818	22.1%
Regent	$116,397	$101,847	$67,898	12.3%
Creighton	$116,459	$101,902	$67,934	9.0%
Columbia	$117,098	$102,461	$68,307	2.1%
Chapman	$117,259	$102,602	$68,401	19.6%
Nova Southeastern	$117,347	$102,679	$68,452	11.1%
Northeastern	$117,379	$102,706	$68,471	14.4%
Marquette	$118,389	$103,590	$69,060	9.8%
Georgetown	$118,918	$104,053	$69,369	5.0%
Western New England	$119,714	$104,750	$69,833	20.4%
John Marshall (Chicago)	$121,990	$106,742	$71,161	8.8%
Valparaiso	$122,769	$107,423	$71,615	20.9%
Catholic	$123,026	$107,648	$71,765	13.4%
Stetson	$123,167	$107,771	$71,847	7.2%
Widener	$123,914	$108,425	$72,283	8.1%
Charleston	$124,976	$109,354	$72,903	24.0%
Pacific, McGeorge	$125,060	$109,428	$72,952	22.5%
Loyola (CA)	$125,546	$109,853	$73,235	17.9%
Seattle	$126,157	$110,388	$73,592	18.0%
Willamette	$126,572	$110,751	$73,834	13.9%
St. Thomas (FL)	$128,135	$112,118	$74,746	17.6%
Golden Gate	$128,733	$112,642	$75,095	33.3%
Northwestern	$130,452	$114,146	$76,097	7.2%
Touro	$131,627	$115,173	$76,782	19.9%
Vermont	$131,639	$115,184	$76,789	16.9%
American	$132,232	$115,703	$77,135	15.2%
San Francisco	$135,802	$118,827	$79,218	32.5%
California Western	$137,589	$120,391	$80,260	23.7%
Whittier	$137,958	$120,713	$80,475	24.2%
New York Law School	$138,296	$121,009	$80,673	13.3%
Barry	$141,716	$124,002	$82,668	17.7%
Florida Coastal	$151,390	$132,466	$88,311	14.9%
Thomas Jefferson	$156,925	$137,309	$91,540	29.0%

Note: Howard almost certainly published its graduates’ annual debt and not their total debts as it was asked, and this table excludes law schools that reported debt levels but not the percent of their graduates with debt.

I reckon that any law school whose graduates would need make $50,000 in discretionary annual income would probably fail the gainful employment rule in short order unless they were elite law schools with low unemployment rates. That’s about $100,000 in mean weighted debt, coincidentally—before interest. That’s at least 50 schools.

Kicking these law schools out of the federal loan program would be in keeping with the Department of Education’s stated goals for crafting the rule—accountability for student outcomes—but Congress won’t let it, which is why I found the comments to the department so galling. Some people claimed that graduate programs should be excluded from the rule because they didn’t face the same “employment challenges and return-on-investment considerations” compared to lower levels of higher education.

Looking at the above table … Right.

APPENDIX – OLD TABLE

**********

CLASS OF 2014 ON GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT
SCHOOL	WTD AVG DEBT	MIN PASS	MIN ZONE	TOT UNEMP
Howard	$23,060	$20,178	$13,452	12.4%
Brigham Young	$39,026	$34,148	$22,765	7.2%
Hawaii	$39,949	$34,955	$23,304	15.5%
Alabama	$45,830	$40,102	$26,734	3.5%
Lewis and Clark	$47,014	$41,137	$27,425	15.4%
Arkansas (Fayetteville)	$48,927	$42,811	$28,540	7.0%
Nebraska	$49,758	$43,538	$29,026	6.0%
North Carolina Central	$49,932	$43,691	$29,127	14.1%
District of Columbia	$51,954	$44,434	$30,307	25.2%
Tennessee	$52,961	$44,786	$30,894	14.6%
Wyoming	$52,999	$44,800	$30,916	23.9%
North Dakota	$55,743	$45,760	$32,517	13.2%
Connecticut	$56,813	$46,134	$33,141	9.1%
Arkansas (Little Rock)	$58,407	$46,692	$34,071	12.8%
Missouri (Columbia)	$58,541	$46,740	$34,149	8.9%
Georgia State	$58,650	$46,778	$34,213	5.6%
Mississippi	$59,132	$46,946	$34,494	12.3%
Kentucky	$60,629	$47,470	$35,367	5.6%
Wisconsin	$61,117	$47,641	$35,652	7.6%
Kansas	$61,410	$47,743	$35,822	8.4%
SUNY Buffalo	$61,568	$47,799	$35,915	9.9%
New Mexico	$61,795	$47,878	$36,047	3.6%
Liberty	$63,917	$48,621	$37,285	25.0%
Georgia	$63,954	$48,634	$37,307	13.6%
Texas Tech	$64,047	$48,666	$37,361	18.8%
Northern Illinois	$64,061	$48,671	$37,369	9.1%
Montana	$64,094	$48,683	$37,388	11.3%
City University	$64,284	$48,749	$37,499	20.7%
Oklahoma	$64,613	$48,865	$37,691	7.7%
Florida	$65,104	$49,036	$37,977	9.4%
Memphis	$66,326	$49,464	$38,690	18.3%
Akron	$66,681	$49,588	$38,897	8.7%
Cincinnati	$66,697	$49,594	$38,906	10.4%
South Carolina	$66,826	$49,639	$38,982	7.4%
Northern Kentucky	$67,221	$49,777	$39,212	9.6%
Arizona State	$67,227	$49,780	$39,216	1.5%
Florida State	$68,319	$50,162	$39,853	6.0%
Wayne State	$68,698	$50,294	$40,074	11.2%
Michigan State	$69,711	$50,649	$40,665	1.2%
Houston	$70,931	$51,076	$41,377	7.4%
South Dakota	$71,067	$51,123	$41,456	6.2%
Boston University	$71,181	$51,163	$41,522	6.5%
California-Davis	$71,993	$51,448	$41,996	10.1%
Temple	$72,019	$51,457	$42,011	9.1%
Washburn	$72,555	$51,644	$42,323	8.9%
Indiana (Bloomington)	$72,726	$51,704	$42,423	6.8%
Southern University	$73,214	$51,875	$42,708	23.0%
Louisiana State	$73,366	$51,928	$42,797	3.1%
Texas A&M [Wesleyan]	$73,485	$51,970	$42,866	18.5%
West Virginia	$73,712	$52,049	$42,999	8.5%
Utah	$74,002	$52,151	$43,168	8.1%
Duquesne	$74,172	$52,210	$43,267	13.5%
Arizona	$74,516	$52,331	$43,468	4.9%
Texas	$74,642	$52,375	$43,541	6.8%
Boston College	$74,695	$52,393	$43,572	6.6%
North Carolina	$74,905	$52,467	$43,694	11.9%
Maryland	$75,615	$52,715	$43,894	8.8%
Illinois	$76,374	$52,981	$44,071	5.9%
Campbell	$76,555	$53,044	$44,113	13.6%
Iowa	$76,670	$53,084	$44,140	2.3%
Washington University	$76,828	$53,140	$44,177	1.2%
Drexel	$77,209	$53,273	$44,265	11.3%
William and Mary	$77,805	$53,482	$44,404	8.4%
Indiana (Indianapolis)	$78,287	$53,651	$44,517	7.9%
Florida International	$79,037	$53,913	$44,692	6.5%
Villanova	$79,097	$53,934	$44,706	9.5%
Nevada	$79,742	$54,160	$44,857	10.1%
Ohio State	$80,527	$54,435	$45,040	1.4%
Pittsburgh	$80,700	$54,495	$45,080	12.7%
Cleveland State	$80,891	$54,562	$45,125	13.9%
Rutgers-Newark	$81,451	$54,758	$45,255	8.4%
Idaho	$81,604	$54,811	$45,291	8.1%
Louisville	$82,077	$54,977	$45,401	7.1%
Baylor	$82,833	$55,242	$45,578	11.8%
California-Irvine	$83,342	$55,420	$45,696	10.8%
Tulsa	$83,416	$55,446	$45,714	5.1%
Washington	$83,732	$55,556	$45,787	14.0%
Maine	$84,452	$55,808	$45,955	14.7%
Minnesota	$84,834	$55,942	$46,045	6.9%
Cardozo, Yeshiva	$85,151	$56,053	$46,119	15.3%
Toledo	$87,232	$56,781	$46,604	17.9%
St. Thomas (MN)	$87,349	$56,822	$46,631	8.4%
Washington and Lee	$87,538	$56,888	$46,675	12.6%
Richmond	$88,304	$57,156	$46,854	7.4%
Detroit Mercy	$88,604	$57,261	$46,924	16.9%
St. John’s	$89,567	$57,599	$47,149	8.9%
Yale	$90,162	$57,807	$47,288	3.9%
Brooklyn	$90,813	$58,035	$47,440	9.9%
Notre Dame	$91,274	$58,196	$47,547	3.9%
Oregon	$92,133	$58,497	$47,748	14.1%
Chicago-Kent, IIT	$92,311	$58,559	$47,789	8.9%
Vanderbilt	$92,969	$58,789	$47,943	2.6%
California-Los Angeles	$93,221	$58,877	$48,002	6.3%
Emory	$93,473	$58,966	$48,060	2.6%
Massachusetts — Dartmouth	$93,819	$59,087	$48,141	16.0%
Fordham	$94,187	$59,215	$48,227	9.8%
Baltimore	$95,222	$59,578	$48,468	11.5%
Wake Forest	$95,703	$59,746	$48,581	7.0%
St. Mary’s	$95,761	$59,766	$48,594	17.9%
Southern Methodist	$95,955	$59,834	$48,640	6.7%
Seton Hall	$96,075	$59,876	$48,668	6.3%
Case Western Reserve	$96,159	$59,905	$48,687	9.5%
Pennsylvania	$96,201	$59,921	$48,697	0.4%
South Texas	$96,686	$60,090	$48,810	9.2%
Dayton	$97,598	$60,409	$49,023	11.4%
Colorado	$97,675	$60,436	$49,041	4.2%
Quinnipiac	$99,563	$61,097	$49,481	14.2%
Stanford	$99,947	$61,231	$49,571	2.7%
Duke	$100,325	$61,364	$49,659	2.8%
Samford	$100,526	$61,434	$49,706	13.2%
Oklahoma City	$100,825	$61,539	$49,776	5.6%
Mississippi College	$101,946	$61,931	$50,037	21.1%
Syracuse	$102,107	$61,987	$50,075	11.4%
Drake	$102,326	$62,064	$50,126	9.2%
Suffolk	$102,844	$62,245	$50,247	14.4%
Southern California	$102,872	$62,255	$50,254	5.1%
William Mitchell	$102,986	$62,295	$50,280	7.3%
Virginia	$103,102	$62,336	$50,307	2.3%
Ohio Northern	$104,531	$62,836	$50,641	18.1%
Loyola (LA)	$104,924	$62,973	$50,732	19.3%
Pace	$105,075	$63,026	$50,767	14.3%
San Diego	$105,351	$63,123	$50,832	18.3%
Harvard	$105,951	$63,333	$50,972	2.4%
Michigan	$105,978	$63,342	$50,978	2.6%
Mercer	$106,506	$63,527	$51,101	13.3%
Capital	$106,628	$63,570	$51,130	31.3%
Tulane	$107,133	$63,747	$51,248	9.7%
Hamline	$107,514	$63,880	$51,337	8.7%
George Mason	$107,715	$63,950	$51,383	2.7%
Gonzaga	$107,940	$64,029	$51,436	16.0%
Chicago	$108,521	$64,232	$51,572	1.9%
Penn State (Dickinson)	$108,981	$64,393	$51,679	14.8%
New Hampshire	$109,322	$64,513	$51,758	10.3%
New York University	$109,331	$64,516	$51,760	1.3%
Western State	$109,519	$64,581	$51,804	11.6%
DePaul	$109,529	$64,585	$51,807	18.9%
George Washington	$110,250	$64,837	$51,975	5.3%
Roger Williams	$110,547	$64,941	$52,044	17.9%
Pepperdine	$110,599	$64,960	$52,056	18.2%
Albany	$110,656	$64,980	$52,070	14.2%
St. Louis	$110,737	$65,008	$52,089	10.1%
Miami	$110,761	$65,016	$52,094	7.7%
California-Berkeley	$111,966	$65,438	$52,375	2.4%
Cornell	$112,050	$65,468	$52,395	1.0%
Loyola (IL)	$113,373	$65,931	$52,704	8.0%
Santa Clara	$113,702	$66,046	$52,780	33.0%
Elon	$113,902	$66,116	$52,827	27.9%
Denver	$114,912	$66,469	$53,063	8.3%
Hofstra	$114,917	$66,471	$53,064	7.9%
Ave Maria	$115,045	$66,516	$53,094	33.6%
California-Hastings	$116,260	$66,941	$53,377	22.1%
Regent	$116,397	$66,989	$53,409	12.3%
Creighton	$116,459	$67,011	$53,424	9.0%
Columbia	$117,098	$67,234	$53,573	2.1%
Chapman	$117,259	$67,291	$53,610	19.6%
Nova Southeastern	$117,347	$67,321	$53,631	11.1%
Northeastern	$117,379	$67,333	$53,638	14.4%
Marquette	$118,389	$67,686	$53,874	9.8%
Georgetown	$118,918	$67,871	$53,998	5.0%
Western New England	$119,714	$68,150	$54,183	20.4%
John Marshall (Chicago)	$121,990	$68,947	$54,714	8.8%
Valparaiso	$122,769	$69,219	$54,896	20.9%
Catholic	$123,026	$69,309	$54,956	13.4%
Stetson	$123,167	$69,358	$54,989	7.2%
Widener	$123,914	$69,620	$55,163	8.1%
Charleston	$124,976	$69,992	$55,411	24.0%
Pacific, McGeorge	$125,060	$70,021	$55,431	22.5%
Loyola (CA)	$125,546	$70,191	$55,544	17.9%
Seattle	$126,157	$70,405	$55,687	18.0%
Willamette	$126,572	$70,550	$55,783	13.9%
St. Thomas (FL)	$128,135	$71,097	$56,148	17.6%
Golden Gate	$128,733	$71,307	$56,288	33.3%
Northwestern	$130,452	$71,908	$56,689	7.2%
Touro	$131,627	$72,319	$56,963	19.9%
Vermont	$131,639	$72,324	$56,966	16.9%
American	$132,232	$72,531	$57,104	15.2%
San Francisco	$135,802	$73,781	$57,937	32.5%
California Western	$137,589	$74,406	$58,354	23.7%
Whittier	$137,958	$74,535	$58,440	24.2%
New York Law School	$138,296	$74,654	$58,519	13.3%
Barry	$141,716	$75,851	$59,317	17.7%
Florida Coastal	$151,390	$79,237	$61,574	14.9%
Thomas Jefferson	$156,925	$81,174	$62,866	29.0%